Ngokumiswa kanye nokufakwa kwezikhungo zokuthengwa kwezidakamizwa okumaphakathi kuzwelonke kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha, ukuthengwa kwempahla yezokwelapha kuzwelonke nasendaweni kuye kwacutshungulwa futhi kwakhuthazwa ngokuqhubekayo, imithetho yokuthengwa kwempahla emaphakathi iye yathuthukiswa, ububanzi bokuthengwa kwempahla endaweni eyodwa iye yandiswa, futhi intengo yemikhiqizo yehle kakhulu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-ecology yemboni yezokwelashwa nayo iyathuthuka.
Sizosebenza kanzima ukwenza umsebenzi wokumbiwa kwezimayini ngokuhlanganyela
NgoJuni 2021, i-National Medical Insurance Administration kanye neminye iminyango eyisishiyagalombili ngokuhlanganyela yakhipha Iziqondiso Zokutholakala Kwezinto Ezimaphakathi Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Zezokwelapha Zenani Eliphezulu ezihlelwe nguHulumeni. Kusukela lapho, kwakhiwe uchungechunge lwemibhalo esekelayo futhi yakhishwa, ebeka phambili izinkambiso ezintsha nezinkombandlela ezintsha zokuthola indawo eyodwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha ezinenani eliphezulu ngobuningi.
Ngo-Okthoba wonyaka ofanayo, IQembu Eliholayo Lokujulisa Ukuguqulwa Kohlelo Lwezokwelapha Nezempilo LoMkhandlu Wombuso lakhipha Imibono Yokusebenzisa Ngokujulisa Ukuguqulwa Kohlelo Lwezokwelapha Nezempilo Ngokuqhakambisa Kakhulu Okuhlangenwe nakho Kwedolobha LaseSanming Esifundazweni SaseFujian, eveze ukuthi zonke izifundazwe kanye nemifelandawonye yezifundazwe zakhuthazwa ukuthi zenze noma zibambe iqhaza ekuthengweni kwezidakamizwa nezinto ezisetshenziswayo okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
NgoMasingana walo nyaka, umhlangano oPhethe woMkhandlu Kazwelonke wanquma ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile kanye nokwenza kube nesikhungo ukuthengwa kwezimpahla zokwelapha ezinenani eliphezulu ngamanani amakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ngokuqhubekayo amanani entengo yemithi futhi kusheshiswe ukunwetshwa kwemikhiqizo. Ohulumeni basekhaya bayakhuthazwa ukuthi benze ukuthenga kwezifundazwe noma phakathi kwezifundazwe, futhi bathenge ngokuhlanganyela izinto ezisetshenziswa amathambo, amabhaluni ezidakamizwa, izifakelo zamazinyo neminye imikhiqizo ekhathaza umphakathi ezingeni likazwelonke nelezifundazwe ngokulandelana. Kamuva, kwachazwa isithangami senqubomgomo yoMkhandlu Wombuso walolu hlelo. Esithangamini, u-Chen Jinfu, isekela lomqondisi we-National Medical Insurance Administration, uthe ekupheleni kuka-2022, izinhlobo zezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-350 kanye nezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-5 zenani eliphakeme zizosetshenziswa esifundazweni ngasinye (isifunda nedolobha) ngokusebenzisa. izinhlangano zikazwelonke kanye nemifelandawonye yezifundazwe.
NgoSepthemba 2021, iqoqo lesibili leqoqo elihleliwe likahulumeni lezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwelapha ezinenani eliphezulu lenhlanganisela yokwenziwa izokwethulwa. Ngokuhambisana nesimiso "somkhiqizo owodwa, inqubomgomo eyodwa", lokhu kuthengwa kwempahla okuhlangene kwenze ukuhlola okusha ngendlela yokubika inani, isivumelwano senani lokuthengwa kwempahla, imithetho yokukhetha, imithetho yesisindo, izinsizakalo ezihambisanayo nezinye izici. NgokweNational Medical Insurance Administration, amabhizinisi angama-48 esewonke abambe iqhaza kulo mzuliswano, angama-44 kuwo aqokwa yimizi, ngenani lokuwina elingamaphesenti angama-92 kanye nesilinganiso sokwehliswa kwentengo ngamaphesenti angama-82.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziphathimandla zendawo nazo ziqhuba umsebenzi wokuhlola. Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngoJanuwari 2021 kuya kuFebhuwari 28 kulo nyaka, amaphrojekthi wokuthengwa kwempahla yezokwelapha angama-389 (okuhlanganisa nama-reagents) aqalisiwe ezweni lonke, okuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi kazwelonke angu-4, amaphrojekthi wezifundazwe angu-231, amaphrojekthi kamasipala angu-145 kanye namanye angu-9. Ingqikithi yamaphrojekthi amasha ayi-113 (okubandakanya okudlekayo kwezokwelapha 88 amaphrojekthi akhethekile, ama-reagents amaphrojekthi ayisipesheli ayi-7, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha + amaphrojekthi akhethekile ayi-18), kuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi kazwelonke ama-3, amaphrojekthi wesifundazwe angama-67, amaphrojekthi kamasipala angama-38, amanye amaphrojekthi ayi-5.
Kungabonakala ukuthi u-2021 akuwona nje kuphela unyaka wokuthuthukisa inqubomgomo kanye nokwenza uhlelo lokuthengwa okumaphakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha, kodwa futhi unyaka wokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ezifanele.
Ububanzi bezinhlobonhlobo buye bandiswa ngokwengeziwe
Ngo-2021, kwaqoqwa okunye okusebenzisekayo kwezokwelapha okungu-24, okuhlanganisa okusebenzisekayo kwezokwelapha kwenani eliphezulu okungu-18 kanye nemithi esetshenziswayo yezokwelapha enenani eliphansi engu-6. Ngokombono weqoqo likazwelonke lezinhlobonhlobo, i-coronary stent, i-artificial joint nokunye kufinyelele ukusabalala ezweni lonke; Ngokombono wezinhlobonhlobo zezifundazwe, ibhaluni le-coronary dilatation, i-iOL, i-cardiac pacemaker, i-stapler, i-coronary guide wire, inaliti yokuhlala, ikhanda lommese we-ultrasonic nokunye kuhlanganisa izifundazwe eziningi.
Ngo-2021, ezinye izifundazwe, njenge-Anhui ne-Henan, zahlola ukuthengwa okuphakathi kwama-reagents okuhlolwa komtholampilo ngobuningi. I-Shandong ne-Jiangxi ifake ama-reagents okuhlola emtholampilo kububanzi benethiwekhi. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi isifundazwe sase-Anhui sikhethe ama-chemiluminescence reagents, ingxenye enkulu yemakethe emkhakheni we-immunodiagnosis, ukwenza ukuthengwa kwempahla phakathi nenani lemikhiqizo engu-145 ezigabeni ezingu-23 zezigaba ezi-5. Phakathi kwazo, kuqokwe imikhiqizo engama-88 yamabhizinisi ayi-13, kanti inani elimaphakathi lemikhiqizo ehlobene lehle ngo-47.02%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Guangdong nezinye izifundazwe eziyi-11 zenze umfelandawonye wokuthenga ama-reagents okuhlola iCoronavirus (2019-NCOV). Phakathi kwazo, izintengo ezimaphakathi zama-nucleic acid ezitholwayo, ama-nucleic acid okubona ngokushesha ama-reagents, ama-antibody e-IgM/IgG, ama-anti-detection reagents aphelele kanye nama-antigen atholwe kabusha ehle cishe ngo-37%, 34.8%, 41%, 29% no-44. %, ngokulandelana. Kusukela lapho, izifundazwe ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 seziqalile ukuxhumanisa amanani.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba ukuthengwa okuphakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kwezokwelapha kanye nama-reagents kwenziwa njalo ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene, inani lezinhlobonhlobo ezithintekayo alanele uma liqhathaniswa nezidingo zomtholampilo. Ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko “Zohlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nane Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lokuphepha Kwezokwelapha Kumhlaba Wonke” olukhishwe Ihhovisi Elivamile LoMkhandlu Wezifundazwe, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwelapha zenani eliphezulu zikazwelonke nezesifundazwe kufanele ziphinde zandiswe esikhathini esizayo.
Ukutholakala kwe-Alliance kuya ngokuya kuhlukahluka
Ngo-2021, umfelandawonye wezifundazwe uzokhiqiza amaphrojekthi wokuthenga ayi-18, ahlanganisa izifundazwe ezingama-31 (izifunda ezizimele nomasipala) kanye ne-Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Phakathi kwazo, umfelandawonye omkhulu we-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei “3+N” (enenani elikhulu lamalungu, 23), izifundazwe eziyi-13 eziholwa yi-Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, izifundazwe eziyi-12 eziholwa yizifundazwe zaseHenan naseJiangsu, izifundazwe eziyi-9 eziholwa nguJiangxi. Isifundazwe; Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ne-Chongqing-Guiyun-Henan Alliance, The Shandong jin-Hebei-Henan Alliance, Chongqing-Guiqiong Alliance, Zhejiang-Hubei Alliance kanye neYangtze River Delta Alliance.
Ngokombono wokubamba iqhaza kwezifundazwe emifelandawonye yezifundazwe, isifundazwe saseGuizhou sizobamba iqhaza enanini elikhulu lamadlelandawonye ngo-2021, kuze kufike ku-9. Isifundazwe saseShanxi neChongqing zilandele eduze ngemifelandawonye engu-8. I-Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region kanye neSifundazwe saseHenan zombili zinemifelandawonye eyi-7.
Ukwengeza, umfelandawonye wamadolobha nawo wenze inqubekelaphambili enhle. Ngo-2021, kuzoba namaphrojekthi angu-18 wokuthengwa kwempahla phakathi kwamadolobha, ikakhulukazi eJiangsu, Shanxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Henan, Liaoning nakwezinye izifundazwe. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi indlela yokubambisana yezifundazwe nedolobha ivele okokuqala ngqa: NgoNovemba 2021, iDolobha laseHuangshan leSifundazwe sase-Anhui lajoyina umfelandawonye wezifunda eziyi-16 eziholwa yiSifundazwe saseGuangdong ukuze kuthengwe indawo eyodwa ikhanda le-ultrasonic cutter.
Kungabikezelwa ukuthi, ngokuqhutshwa yizinqubomgomo, imifelandawonye yendawo izoba nezindlela ezihlukene zokuthenga futhi izinhlobo eziningi zizobuthwa ngo-2022, okuwumkhuba ongenakugwemeka novamile.
Izimayini eziqinile ezijwayelekile zizoshintsha imvelo yemboni
Njengamanje, ukuthengwa okuphakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kwezokwelapha kungena kancane kancane esikhathini esibucayi: izwe lihlela ukuthengwa okuphakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha ezinenani elikhulu lomtholampilo kanye nezindleko eziphezulu; Ezingeni lesifundazwe, ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwelapha ezinenani eliphezulu neziphansi kufanele zithengwe kakhulu. Ukuthengwa kwempahla ezingeni lesifunda ikakhulukazi okwezinhlobo ezahlukene ngaphandle kwamaphrojekthi kazwelonke kanye nezifundazwe zokuthenga ngokuhlanganyela. Izinhlangothi ezintathu zidlala indima yazo futhi ziqhuba ukuthengwa okujulile kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha ezivela emazingeni ahlukene. Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi ukukhuthazwa okujulile kokuthengwa kwempahla yezokwelapha okujulile e-China kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-ecology yemboni, futhi kuzoba nalezi zindlela zokuthuthuka ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala, njengoba umgomo oyinhloko wenguquko yohlelo lwezokwelapha lwaseShayina kulesi sigaba samanje kusewukunciphisa amanani kanye nezindleko zokulawula, ukuthengwa kwempahla endaweni eyodwa sekuphenduke isiqalo esibalulekile kanye nempumelelo. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwenani nentengo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokuqashwa nokutholwa kuzoba izici eziyinhloko zokuthengwa kwempahla yezokwelapha okujulile, futhi ukumbozwa kobubanzi besifunda kanye nobubanzi obuhlukahlukene kuzokwandiswa nakakhulu.
Okwesibili, ukuthengwa kwempahla ngokubambisana sekuyinkomba yokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo futhi sekusungulwe indlela yokuqala yokuthengwa kwempahla ngokubambisana kuzwelonke. Ububanzi bokuthenga ngokuhlanganyela kwezifundazwe buzoqhubeka nokukhula futhi bugxile kancane kancane, futhi buzoqhubeka buthuthukela ekumisweni. Ukwengeza, njengesengezo esibalulekile ohlotsheni lwezimayini oluhlangene, ukumbiwa kwezimayini okuhlangene kwamadolobha kuzothuthukiswa kancane kancane.
Okwesithathu, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kwezokwelashwa zizoqoqwa ngokuhlukaniswa, iqoqo nokuhlukaniswa, futhi kuzosungulwa imithetho yokuhlola enemininingwane eminingi. Ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi kuzoba yindlela yokwengeza ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla ngokuhlanganyela, ukuze kuthengwe izinhlobo eziningi zezinsiza zokwelapha kusetshenziswa ipulatifomu.
Okwesine, imithetho yokuthenga ngokuhlanganyela izothuthukiswa njalo ukuze kuzinziswe okulindelwe yimakethe, amazinga entengo kanye nesidingo somtholampilo. Qinisa ukusetshenziswa okuzosetshenziswa, qokomisa ukukhetha komtholampilo, hlonipha iphethini yemakethe, uthuthukise ukubamba iqhaza kwamabhizinisi nezikhungo zezokwelapha, uqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo, uphelezela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo.
Okwesihlanu, ukukhetha amanani aphansi kanye nokuxhumana kwentengo kuzoba isiqondiso esibalulekile sokuqoqwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuhlanzeni indawo yokusebenza yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwelapha, kusheshiswe ukushintshwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha zasekhaya, kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwemakethe yamasheya, futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezokwelapha emisha yasekhaya emkhakheni wezomnotho wezempilo.
Okwesithupha, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwekhredithi izoba yindinganiso ebalulekile yokuthi amabhizinisi asebenzisekayo kwezokwelapha abambe iqhaza ekuthengeni okuhlangene kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha ukuze zikhethe imikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokuzibophezela, uhlelo lokubika ngokuzithandela, uhlelo lokuqinisekisa ulwazi, uhlelo lokujeziswa kwezigaba, uhlelo lokulungisa izikweletu luzoqhubeka nokusungula nokwenza ngcono.
Okwesikhombisa, ukuthengwa okuhlangene kwempahla yezokwelapha kuzoqhubeka nokukhuthazwa ngokubambisana nokuqaliswa kwesistimu "engaphezulu" yezimali zomshwalense wezokwelapha, ukulungiswa kohlu lomshwalense wezokwelapha wezimpahla zezokwelapha, ukuguqulwa kwezindlela zokukhokha umshwalense wezokwelapha, kanye ukuguqulwa kwamanani esevisi yezokwelapha. Kukholakala ukuthi ngaphansi kokuxhumana, ukuvinjelwa kanye nokuqhutshwa kwezinqubomgomo, umdlandla wezikhungo zezokwelapha zokubamba iqhaza ekuthengeni okuhlangene uzoqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi nokuziphatha kwazo kokuthenga kuzoshintsha.
Okwesishiyagalombili, ukuthengwa okujulile kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kwezokwelashwa kuzothuthukisa ukwakhiwa kabusha kwephethini yemboni, kukhuphule kakhulu ukugxiliswa kwezimboni, kuthuthuke nakakhulu imvelo yebhizinisi, futhi kufane nemithetho yokuthengisa.
(Umthombo: Inethiwekhi Yezokwelapha)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-11-2022